Rubric’s Cube: Borden and Busse as a Feedback Model in Online Education
G. Mihalyi Szirony, Jason D. Kushner, Jose M. Maldonado, Laurie A. McArthur
Abstract
Feedback is a key factor in learning and understanding. Evidence supports students value quality online feedback methods. Rubrics are appearing more frequently in online learning, a helpful and specific component that provides feedback to students. Expectations of learners include fair and objective grading, justification for the grade, and suggestions on how to improve when feedback warrants the need. Utilizing the concepts of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development, reflection, and reinforcement are considered. In this article, a feedback model that serves as a teaching and learning asset in online formats based upon Borden and Busse's four phased model of communication is presented, adapted to the online teaching and learning environment. Application of the model in terms of efficacy, fairness, objectivity, and feedback are discussed.